There’s a catchy saying going around with a valuable lesson about our personal technology: the devil is in the defaults.

The saying refers to the default settings that tech companies embed deep in the devices, apps and websites we use. These typically make us share data about our activities and location. We can usually opt out of this data collection, but the companies make the menus and buttons hard to notice.

Consider how several whistleblowers confessed in 2018 that they had listened in on Apple’s Siri recordings and Amazon’s Alexa activations that inadvertently recorded couples having sex. The recent reversal of Roe v. Wade also underscored the ways women can be tracked through their personal tech when seeking options to terminate pregnancies.

Apple phones

With iPhones, users can open the settings app and enter the privacy menu to change how they share data about their app use and location.

• Select Tracking and toggle off Allow Apps to Request to Track. This tells apps to not share data with third parties for marketing purposes.
• Select Apple Advertising and toggle off Personalized Ads so that Apple can’t use information about you to serve targeted ads.
• Select Analytics & Improvements and toggle off Share iPhone Analytics to prevent the iPhone from sending device data to Apple to improve its products.
• Select Location Services, tap System Services and toggle off iPhone Analytics and Routing & Traffic to prevent the device from sharing geodata with Apple for improving Apple Maps.

Google products

Android phones, Google search, YouTube, Google Maps, etc. are tied to Google accounts, and the control panel for tweaking data management is on myactivity.google.com.

• For Web & App Activity, Location History and YouTube History, set auto-delete to delete activity older than three months. Google can still make helpful recommendations based on recent searches.
• A bonus tip: newer versions of Android offer the ability to share an approximate location rather than their precise location. For many apps, like weather software, sharing approximate data should be the way to go, and precise geodata should be shared only with software that needs it to work properly, like maps apps.

Meta’s Facebook

Reach the most important settings via the privacy checkup tool inside the settings menu. Some tweaks to prevent snooping by employers and marketers:

• For “Who can see what you share”, select “Only me” for people with access to your friends’ list and pages you follow, and select “Friends” for who can see your birthday.
• For “How people can find you on Facebook”, choose “Only me” for people who can look you up via email or phone number.
• For “Your ad preferences on Facebook”, toggle off the switches for relationship status, employer, job title and education.

Amazon and its devices

Amazon offers some control over how information is shared through its website and products like Alexa and Nest cameras. There are two settings I highly recommend turning off:

• Amazon Sidewalk automatically makes newer products share Internet connections with other devices nearby. Critics say Sidewalk could open doors for bad actors to gain access to people’s data.
• To disable it for an Echo speaker, open the Alexa app and tap More in the lower right-hand side. In settings, tap Account Settings, choose Amazon Sidewalk and toggle Sidewalk to the off position.
• For a Ring camera, in the Ring app, tap the three-lined icon in the upper left and then tap Control Center. Tap Amazon Sidewalk, and slide the button to the off position.
• Some shopping lists on Amazon are shared with the public by default. Visit the Your Lists page and set each shopping list to private.

Microsoft Windows

Windows PCs come with a host of data-sharing settings turned on by default to help Microsoft, advertisers and websites learn more about us. The switches to toggle those settings off can be found by opening the settings menu and clicking on Privacy and security and then General.

Yet the worst default setting on Windows may have nothing to do with privacy. Whenever Kimber Streams, a Wirecutter editor, tests new laptops, one of the first steps is to open the sound menu and select No Sounds to mute the annoying chimes that play when something goes wrong with Windows.

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