Escalating climate-induced migration in Bangladesh, Nepal, and parts of India presents not only a looming humanitarian crisis but also a significant threat to regional stability. Despite recognising the dangers associated with climate-induced migration and making initial attempts to tackle them, the region’s readiness is hindered by the immense scale of the threat posed by climate change and displacement.

A disconcerting report by ActionAid International and Climate Action Network South Asia predicts that an alarming 63 million people in the region may be compelled to leave their homes by 2050. This is a direct result of rising sea levels, rivers engulfing settlements, and land becoming unusable due to drought. How will we confront an impending catastrophe of such magnitude?

The region’s population movements are facilitated by strong socio-cultural bonds and close geographical proximity. India, uniquely positioned with shared land or maritime borders with all neighbouring countries, bears the brunt of this migration flow. Could heightened economic integration, propelled by an enhanced regional economy, and collaboration among these nations lead to a decline in migration numbers?

The establishment of international borders has been heavily influenced by political motives. Many of these borders were artificially imposed and lack a basis in cultural identity, rendering them relatively porous. The legitimacy of these borders is frequently disputed owing to their arbitrary placement. The erection of fences to turn these borders into de facto boundaries raises apprehensions about the potential re-emergence of territorial disputes, especially in the Indian subcontinent.

In order to confront the enduring repercussions of colonialism, navigate the intricate tapestry of cultural complexities, and effectively combat human trafficking, a multidisciplinary approach is imperative. What strategic pathways can India forge within this intricate web of interrelations to eradicate human trafficking?

Colonial legacies continue to reverberate, shaping power dynamics and societal norms. The delicate fabric of cultural diversity is interwoven into these historical echoes, giving rise to complexities that demand careful navigation. Human trafficking persists in this backdrop, necessitating a concerted effort to dismantle the networks that perpetuate it.

The climate-induced migration crisis in the Northeast has unleashed a devastating surge in flash floods, wreaking havoc in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram. As climate change takes an increasingly severe toll on their populations, the pressing question is this: what measures can be instituted to dissuade them from emigration?

Nepal, often associated with human trafficking — especially of women and children — also serves as a transit point for Bhutanese refugees. While domestic trafficking is a matter of concern, it is often overshadowed by the widespread cross-border trafficking in the region. Providing viable alternative livelihoods for inhabitants of nations like Nepal could potentially diminish the economic appeal of migration abroad. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that not only address economic vulnerabilities but also bolster local opportunities and support systems.

A glimmer of hope emerges from internationally agreed-upon objectives aimed at limiting global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius. If countries can achieve this ambitious target, it is projected that the number of people compelled to relocate in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal could be almost halved by 2050.

The climate-induced migration crisis in South Asia is an urgent call for immediate and unified action. With millions of lives at stake, it is crucial for policymakers on national and international fronts to prioritise the issue. Providing climate migrants with the necessary rights, representation, and support is essential in paving the way for a fairer and more resilient future for everyone. The time for action is now.

Ashraf Nehal is a South Asia analyst based in London