Russian President Vladimir Putin gave no sign on Tuesday that he would change strategy in the Kremlin’s bloody war in Ukraine, and ratcheted up tensions with the West by suspending Moscow’s participation in the last remaining nuclear arms control pact with the US.

In his long-delayed state-of-the-nation address, Putin cast his country — and Ukraine — as victims of western double-dealing and said it was Russia, not Ukraine, fighting for its very existence.

“We aren’t fighting the Ukrainian people,” Putin said in a speech days before the war’s first anniversary on Friday. “The Ukrainian people have become hostages of the Kyiv regime and its western masters, which have effectively occupied the country.”

The speech reiterated a litany of grievances that the Russian leader has frequently offered as justification for the widely condemned military campaign while vowing no military let-up in a conflict that has reawakened fears of a new Cold War.

In fact, Putin sharply upped the ante by declaring that Moscow would suspend its participation in the socalled New START Treaty. The treaty, signed in 2010 by the US and Russia, caps the number of long-range nuclear warheads the two sides can deploy and limits the use of missiles that can carry atomic weapons.

Putin also said that Russia should stand ready to resume nuclear weapons tests if the US does so, a move that would end a global ban on such tests in place since the Cold War era.

Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and made a dash towards Kyiv, apparently expecting to quickly overrun the capital. But stiff resistance from Ukrainian forces — backed by western weapons — turned back Moscow’s troops. While Ukraine has reclaimed many areas initially seized by Russia, the two sides have become bogged down in tit-for tat battles in others.

The war has revived the old Russia-West divide, reinvigorated the Nato alliance, and created the biggest threat to Putin’s more than two-decade rule. US President Joe Biden, fresh off a surprise visit to Kyiv, was in Poland on Tuesday on a mission to solidify that western unity — and planned his own speech.

Observers were expected to scour Putin’s address for any signs of how the Russian leader sees the conflict, where he might take it and how it might end. While the Constitution mandates that the President deliver the speech annually, Putin never gave one in2022, as his troops rolled into Ukraine and suffered repeated setbacks.

Much of the speech covered old ground, as Putin offered his own version of recent history, discounting arguments by the Ukrainian government that it needed western help to thwart a Russian military takeover. “Western elites aren’t trying to conceal their goals, to inflict a strategic defeat’ to Russia,” Putin said in the speech broadcast by all state TV channels.

“They intend to transform the local conflict into a global confrontation.” He added that Russia was prepared to respond since “it will be a matter of our country’s existence”. He has repeatedly depicted Nato’s expansion to include countries close to Russia as an existential threat to his country.