President Donald Trump will declare a national emergency as early as Friday to bypass Congress and build his long-promised wall along the nation’s southwestern border even as he agreed to sign a spending package that does not finance it, White House officials said Thursday.

The announcement came just minutes before voting began on the spending measure, which then cleared both Houses, ending a two-month war of attrition that closed much of the federal government for 35 days and threatened a second shutdown on Friday. The Senate passed it 83-16, and the House followed later in the evening, 300-128.

But if he declares a national emergency to access billions of dollars for his wall, Trump could instigate a constitutional clash over who controls the federal purse and test the bounds of presidential authority in a time of divided government. Democrats and some Republicans instantly condemned the move, with some vowing to challenge it through legislation and lawsuits.

The President’s plan would combine money included in the spending package for fencing along the border with funds he can divert from other programmes using traditional presidential discretion on top of still other money he could tap by declaring an emergency. Altogether, an administration official said, Trump would be able to dedicate about $8 billion for barriers, more than the $5.7 billion that Congress refused to give him.

“President Trump will sign the government funding bill, and as he has stated before, he will also take other executive action — including a national emergency — to ensure we stop the national security and humanitarian crisis at the border,” said Sarah Huckabee Sanders, the White House press secretary. “The President is once again delivering on his promise to build the wall, protect the border and secure our great country.”

Trump’s announcement capped hours of last-minute drama as he came under pressure on Thursday morning to not sign the spending legislation from conservative figures like Laura Ingraham, who denounced it on Twitter as a “monstrosity” and a “Total SCAM!”

A balky President was concerned that signing the measure could impose restraints on his ability to tap other funds and was urged by his chief of staff, Mick Mulvaney, to tell Republican leaders to instead pass a short-term bill to keep the government open while reopening negotiations, according to a Republican briefed on the situation.

President Donald Trump leaves the White House on his way to the US Capitol to deliver his second State of the Union speech in Washington on February 5, 2019. Declaring a wall emergency permits Trump to avoid another damaging shutdown while not surrendering. The New York Times

Such a move would have unraveled the delicate bipartisan balance favored by Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., the majority leader, who wanted to move beyond the wall fight. In a telephone conversation Thursday, Trump asked McConnell whether the spending measure included any hidden provisions or “land mines,” and the senator reassured him it did not, according to a person familiar with the call.

Similarly, Kirstjen Nielsen, the homeland security secretary, and White House lawyers told him that he could still move money around, and Nielsen said that the spending package was actually better than a short-term measure. McConnell argued that it was a win over House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.

Ultimately, Trump was persuaded to sign the bipartisan spending measure after all, and at least some close to the President doubted that he was ever really wavering and instead was just enjoying the suspense.

But McConnell chose not to take a chance, rushing to the floor and interrupting a colleague’s speech to announce Trump’s decision, in effect locking it in before he could change his mind.

In agreeing to end the spending fight for now, however, Trump essentially started a new one with his vow to declare a national emergency, one that crosses party and ideological lines as liberals and conservatives alike objected to what they called presidential overreach.

Seven Senate Democrats, including four announced or possible presidential candidates, immediately introduced legislation intended to block Trump from diverting money from disaster relief for the wall. Some House Democrats, including Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York, chairman of the Judiciary Committee, began endorsing a joint resolution to essentially nullify a national emergency declaration.

A parade of liberal advocacy organisations sent out pre-written statements promising to challenge any such declaration in court as “an outrageous abuse of power” by an “unstable and increasingly autocratic” president, as one of the groups, Public Citizen, put it.

“The President is doing an end run around Congress,” Pelosi told reporters. She suggested that Trump was setting a precedent for future Democratic presidents to act on issues like gun control — precisely the scenario that scares Republicans.

Nancy Pelosi responds to reports that Trump would declare a national emergency to bypass Congress and build his long-promised wall, on Capitol Hill in Washington, on February 14, 2019. The New York Times

“You want to talk about a national emergency, let’s talk about today,” Pelosi said, reminding Trump that it was the anniversary of the shooting massacre last February at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Seventeen students and staff members were killed. “That’s a national emergency. Why don’t you declare that emergency, Mr President? I wish you would.”

Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, echoed her criticism and said Congress would defend its prerogatives. “The public was more opposed to the emergency declaration than they were to the wall,” he said in a brief interview. “And they were opposed to the wall.”

About a half-dozen Senate Republicans quickly spoke out against the move, as well. “I don’t think this is a matter that should be declared a national emergency,” said Sen. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska. “We as legislators are trying to address the president’s priority. What we’re voting on now is perhaps an imperfect solution, but it’s one we could get consensus on.”

Among the Republicans who privately warned Trump against an emergency declaration was McConnell, who expects that House Democrats will pass a resolution terminating it in a form that the Republican leader cannot block from a floor vote. At least five or six Republican senators are likely to vote against the president, making a majority along with the Democrats, and potentially forcing Trump to veto it.

A person familiar with the discussions said that McConnell said that he has warned Trump that he has less than two weeks to try to persuade wavering Republicans to support his national emergency effort, otherwise he will face the prospect of a bipartisan rebuke by Congress.

The spending legislation that passed Thursday drew strong bipartisan votes in a Congress that has been deeply divided along party lines. In the House, 213 Democrats and 87 Republicans voted yes, meaning that Democrats were unable to pass it by themselves because they lost 19 of their own. Most Republicans, 109 in all, voted no.

Pelosi, using nearly a dozen pens to sign the final bill, applauded the bipartisan majority, calling it “quite a remarkable show.”

In the Senate, most of the 16 no votes were by Republicans, along with four Democratic presidential candidates — Cory Booker of New Jersey, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Kamala Harris of California and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts.

The package includes the seven remaining bills to keep the remainder of the government open through the rest of the fiscal year, which ends on September 30. House and Senate negotiators unveiled the 1,159-page bill Wednesday just before midnight, leaving little time for lawmakers to digest its contents.

The border security compromise tucked into the bill is perhaps the most stinging legislative defeat of Trump’s presidency. It provides money for 55 miles of steel-post fencing, essentially the same deal that Trump rejected in December.

The measure prohibits construction in certain areas along the Rio Grande Valley and includes a provision, pushed by Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, granting communities on the border time to weigh in on the location and design of the fencing.

The bill also prohibits funds from being used to keep lawmakers from visiting and inspecting Department of Homeland Security detention centers, following a number of highly publicized instances where Democratic lawmakers tried to visit detention centers and were turned away.

Trump’s aides have told him he can add to the $1.375 billion by reallocating money from other related programs using his traditional discretion but a national emergency would allow him to access even more money. Exactly how that would work was still being debated; there were multiple drafts of the emergency order circulating within the government this week.

A defence department official said one likely scenario would be to divert up to $2.5 billion in counternarcotics funds to the Army Corps of Engineers. The administration would then transfer existing federal land along the border to the defence department and acquire or condemn private land.

The Army Corps could then go ahead and build a wall or other barrier to secure the defence department’s property using the newly diverted funds. Dozens of miles of barrier could be built this way, according to the official, who asked not to be identified discussing alternatives before the White House was ready to disclose a specific plan.

c.2019 New York Times News Service