Ecuador’s President has declared war on drug gangs holding scores of prison guards hostage in a wave of violence that saw the storming of a TV station on-air and explosions around the nation.

The unrest appears to be in response to President Daniel Noboa’s efforts to tackle cocaine trafficking, in particular by putting gang leaders in new high-security prisons.

“We are at war and we cannot cede in the face of these terrorist groups,” Noboa, in power since November, said on Wednesday. His government has declared a state of emergency, sent the military after 22 gangs named as terrorist organisations, and said about 20,000 criminals are involved. Since Monday, gangs have kidnapped more than 130 prison guards and staff. That followed the apparent escape of notorious “Los Choneros” gang leader Adolfo Macias from prison.

With unexplained blasts occurring in various cities, balaclava-clad gunmen with grenades and dynamite briefly took over the TC broadcaster in the Pacific Ocean port city of Guayaquil on Tuesday during a news programme, before the police arrested them and freed the media staff.

“It was surreal,” said journalist Jose Luis Calderon, 47, who at one point was obliged to appear on camera at gunpoint at the TV studio.

Calderon told Reuters that at first he hid in the bathroom, but they were found and forced into the studio by the assailants. When police gunshots were heard outside, some colleagues begged for their lives.

“The individuals shot their guns, I think in reaction to the police, and they shot a door and one of the bullets ricocheted and injured the leg of a cameraman,” Calderon said.

A colleague recounted how journalists cowered on the floor. “I thought it was my last day on earth and I wouldn’t see my children again,” Alina Manrique said. The armed forces commander, Rear Admiral Jaime Vela, said 329 people, mostly from the Los Choneros, Los Lobos and Los Tiguerones gangs, have been detained since the state of emergency began this week.