Sparks flew and punches were traded, albeit verbal.

A debate at the American Center in Chowringhee saw college and university students lock horns in an engaging contest on Monday.

The topic of the Jefferson Debates 2024, hosted by the US consulate in Calcutta: “Is increased military cooperation between the US and India vital for maintaining regional stability in Asia?”

This was the eleventh edition of the debate, an annual inter-college event that addresses some of the most relevant topics.

Thirty-six students from 12 colleges and universities participated this year.

St Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, emerged victorious. iLEAD was the first runner-up and Jadavpur University second runner-up.

Shoibayon Ganguly of St Xavier’s College was adjudged the best speaker.

“Debates like this are so much more than just an intellectual exercise — they are fundamental to the very fabric of democracy.... Debates teach us how to think critically, listen to opposing views, and articulate our beliefs with respect and conviction.... As students, you have the unique opportunity to shape the future of the US-India relationship. Your thoughts matter. Your opinions matter. Your voices matter,” Kathy Giles-Diaz, the US consul general in Calcutta, said in her welcome address.

Elizabeth Lee, director of American Center, moderated the event.

The jury consisted of Miguel Diaz, husband of Giles-Diaz, Syed Asif R. Gardezi, management officer at the US consulate and Somrita Ganguly, who teaches English in a college.