Skipper Dhananjaya de Silva and Kamindu Mendis hit centuries as Sri Lanka recovered from early trouble to end Day I on top in the opening Test on Friday.
De Silva and Kamindu scored 102 each to steer Sri Lanka to 280 after being reduced to 57/5. The pacers then helped the side consolidate its position by reducing Bangladesh to 32/3 at stumps.
Fast bowlers Khaled Ahmed and Nahid Rana, who made his debut, claimed three wickets each for Bangladesh on a 13-wicket day.
Khaled (3/72) ripped through the top order before Rana, whose 3/87 included the wickets of both de Silva and Kamindu, caused a middle order havoc.
Khaled struck in the second over after Bangladesh captain Najmul Hossain Shanto won the toss and put Sri Lanka in to bat. He had Nishan Madushka caught by Mehidy Hasan at third slip with a fuller, swinging delivery.
Kusal Mendis and Dimuth Karunaratne appeared to steady the innings, with Mendis reaching 4,000 career Test runs when he hit pace bowler Shoriful Islam for a boundary through fine-leg.
Brief scores: Sri Lanka 280 (D. de Silva 102, Kamindu Mendis 102; K. Ahmed 3/72); Bangladesh 32/3 (V. Fernando 2/9). At Stumps, Day 1.