Orthopaedic health issues are common in different dog breeds now-a-days. It is a wonderful experience for a pet parent to see their furry friend run and race around the house. But health issues affecting their bones, joints, tendons or ligaments quickly put an end to all that fun.
In the first edition of this article, we shall discuss the most common orthopaedic problems in dogs and their possible treatment and management options.
HIP DYSPLASIA
Hip dysplasia is a common developmental disorder of the hip joint that is characterised by laxity of the joint and subsequent development of osteoarthritis. It may also develop as a result of altered joint morphology as the primary event. It can be compared with congenital luxation of hip in humans.
It is not possible to diagnose this disease at the time of birth. It is basically a polygenic trait that is controlled by environmental factors.
Hip dysplasia may be caused by a femur that does not fit correctly into the pelvic socket or poorly developed muscles in the pelvic area.
Large and giant breed dogs are mainly susceptible to this disease. German Shepherd Dogs, Golden retrievers, Labrador retriever and St Bernards are the most common sufferers of hip dysplasia. Early neutering before attaining full developmental maturity may contribute to double the chance of developing hip dysplasia.
Bring overweight, injury at young age, over-exertion of the hip joint at young age, ligament tear at a young age or repetitive motion of the forming joint may influence developing the condition.
Symptoms
Early signs of hip dysplasia may be observed in dogs at the age of four to six months. Other dogs may develop it in conjunction with osteoarthritis as they age. Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the disease and period of suffering of that particular animal. Some common symptoms are-
Decreased activity
Loss of thigh muscle mass
Decreased range of motion
Difficulty or reluctance rising, jumping, running and specifically in climbing stairs
Lameness in the hind end
Bunny hopping gait
Noticeable enlargement of the shoulder muscles as they compensate for the hind end
Stiffness
Subluxation of the hip joint
Diagnosis
Hip dysplasia is diagnosed with radiographs of the pelvis. There are several standardised systems for categorising dysplasia. Few reputable bodies setting standards include for this are the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals and the British Veterinary Association.
This illness should be differentiated from cauda equina syndrome, cranial cruciate ligament tear, and other rear limb arthritic conditions. These are all medical terms but the vet must be careful about not confuse them so as to protect the dog’s health.
Hip dysplasia is not preventable but we shall discuss its management and treatment in the next edition.