India said on Thursday it expects the UN climate conference in Dubai to deliver a “clear roadmap” on finance pledged by rich countries to support developing countries’s climate actions to make way for new quantified goals next year.

The annual conference of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change opened in Dubai on Thursday amid concerns that the world is not on target to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C but stirring hopes for progress on several issues, including climate finance.

The rich countries that are responsible for the biggest historical contributions of Earth-warming greenhouse gas emissions had pledged in 2009 that they would mobilise $100 billion annually for developing countries by 2020 to help them with climate actions.

While that target remains unachieved, climate policy analysts have estimated that
$100 billion is a fraction of what developing countries need to meet climate
actions to lower emissions and expand clean and renewable energy.